Equalities

It seems to be simple to compare two values: 1 == 1 or 2 == 3? However, when a variable is assigned to a value, it's a little bit more complicated: x = 3, y = 3, x == y? The different type of data can represent the same value: 1.0 == 0?

Lisp

> (= 1.0 1)
T

> (eql 1.0 1)
NIL

> (eql (cons 'a nil) (cons 'a nil)
NIL

> (setf x (cons 'a nil))
> (eql x x)
T

> (equal x (cons 'a nil))
T

C/C++

int x = 10;
int y = 20;

x == y // equal in Lisp
&x == &y // eql in Lisp
10 == 20 // = in Lisp

Python

>>> x = 10
>>> id(x)
1764365084

>>> y = 10
>>> id(y)
1764365084

>>> x is y // eql in LISP
True

>>> x == y // equal in LISP
True

>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> a == [1,2,3]
True

>>> a is [1,2,3]
False

>>> id(a)
4359792
>>> id([1,2,3])
4225424

Reference

• Python “is” operator behaves unexpectedly with integers
• What is the semantics of 'is' operator in Python?

Deleting elements in map: C++ and Python

C++

std::listlist<int> keys;
// 1. get all the keys that has the elements from bList
for (std::listlist<int>::iterator it = bList.begin(); it != bList.end(); ++it)
{
    for (std::map<string, int>::iterator j = aMap.begin(); j != aMap.end(); ++j)
    {
        if (j->second == *it) keys.push_back(j->first);
    }
}

// 2. remove all the items of the key
for (auto it = keys.begin(); it != keys.end(); ++it)
{
    aMap.erase(*it);
}

std::list<int> keys;
for (auto it = bList.begin(); it != bList.end(); ++it)
{
    for (auto j = aMap.begin(); j != aMap.end(); ++j)
    {
        if (j->second == *it) keys.push_back(j->first);
    }
}

// 3. remove all the items of the key
for (auto it = keys.begin(); it != keys.end(); ++it)
{
    aMap.erase(*it);
}

Python

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11277432/how-to-remove-a-key-from-dictionary

for e in elements:
    if e in aDict:
        del aDict[e]

for e in elements:
	aDict.pop(e, None)